References for Smoking


a Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

b In 2007 South Australia became the first Australian State or Territory to enact a ban on smoking in vehicles when children under 16 years are present. Every other jurisdiction followed suit over the next seven years. As of December 1, 2014, smoking in cars carrying children under 16 (17 in WA, 18 in Vic & Tas) years of age is banned in every jurisdiction in Australia. Sources: Tobacco Products Regulation (Smoking in Cars) Amendment Act 2007 (SA) | Public Health (Tobacco) Act 2008 (NSW) | Public Health Act 1997 (Tas) | Tobacco Amendment (Protection of Children) Act 2009 (Vic) | Health and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2009 (Qld) | Tobacco Products Control Act 2006 (WA) | Smoking in Cars with Children (Prohibition) Act 2011 (ACT) | Northern Territory (NT) Tobacco Control Act

1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007). Children and secondhand smoke exposure. Excerpts from the Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

2. Centre for Community Child Health (2006a) Preventing smoking during pregnancy: Practice resource, Victorian Government: Centre for Community Child Health.

3. Centre for Community Child Health (2006b) Preventing passive smoking effects on children: Practice resource, Victorian Government: Centre for Community Child Health.

4. Quit Victoria. (2007).Secondhand smoke & your children. Carlton South, Vic : Quit Victoria. Retrieved from http://www.quit.org.au/downloads/resource/general-brochures/secondhand-smoke-your-children.pdf

5. Stroud LR, Paster RL, Goodwin MS, Shenassa E, Buka S, Niaura R, Rosenblith JF, Lipsitt LP. (2009) Maternal smoking during pregnancy and neonatal behaviour: A large-scale community study. Pediatrics 123: e842-e848.

6. Cnattingius S, Stephansson O. (2002). The epidemiology of stillbirth. Seminars in Perinatology 26(1):25-30

7. Dodds L, King WD, Fell DB, Armson BA, Allen A, Nimrod C. (2006). Stillbirth risk factors according to timing of exposure. Annals of Epidemiology 16(8):607-13.

8. Aliyu MH, Salihu HM, Wilson RE, Kirby RS. (2007) Prenatal smoking and risk of intrapartum stillbirth. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health 62(2):87-92.

9. Salihu HM, Wilson RE. (2007). Epidemiology of prenatal smoking and perinatal outcomes. Early Human Development 83(11): 713-20.

10. Gerberding JL. (2006). Forward. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General—Executive Summary. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

11. McCowan LM, Dekker GA, Chan E, Stewart A, Chappell LC, Hunter M, …North, R.A. (2009). Spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age infants in women who stop smoking early in pregnancy: prospective cohort study. BMJ;26;338:b1081. Erratum in: BMJ2009;338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b1558. Retrieved from http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1081

12. Zhang, K., & Wang, X. (2013). Maternal smoking and increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome: a meta-analysis. Legal Medicine, 15(3), 115-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2012.10.007

13. Blair PS, Fleming PJ, Bensley D, Smith I, Bacon C, Taylor E, Berry J, Golding J, Tripp J. (1996). Smoking and the sudden infant death syndrome: results from 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy. Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths Regional Coordinators and Researchers. British Medical Journal 313(7051):195-8.

14. Carpenter, R., McGarvey, C., Mitchell, E. A., Tappin, D. M., Vennemann, M. M., Smuk, M., & Carpenter, J. R. (2013). Bed sharing when parents do not smoke: is there a risk of SIDS? An individual level analysis of five major case–control studies. BMJ open, 3(5), e002299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002299 Retrieved from http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/5/e002299.short

15. Horne RS, Franco P, Adamson TM, Groswasser J, Kahn A. (2004). Influences of maternal cigarette smoking on infant arousability. Early Human Development 79(1):49-58.

16. Moon, R. Y., Horne, R. S., & Hauck, F. R. (2007). Sudden infant death syndrome. The Lancet, 370(9598), 1578-1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61662-6 Retrieved from http://www.opleiding-jgz.be/bestanden/2014-2015/SIDS%20review%20article%20lancet%202007.pdf

17. Stéphan-Blanchard, E., Telliez, F., Léké, A., Djeddi, D., Bach, V., Libert, J.-P., & Chardon, K. (2008). The Influence of In Utero Exposure to Smoking on Sleep Patterns in Preterm Neonates. Sleep, 31(12), 1683–1689. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603491/

18. Fifer, W. P., Fingers, S. T., Youngman, M., Gomez-Gribben, E., & Myers, M. M. (2009). Effects of Alcohol and Smoking During Pregnancy on Infant Autonomic Control. Developmental Psychobiology, 51(3), 234–242. http://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20366

19. Queensland Health. (2008) Safe infant care to reduce the risk of Sudden Unexpected Deaths in Infancy: Policy statement and guidelines. Brisbane: QueenslandHealth. Retrieved from http://www.sidsandkids.org/wp-content/uploads/Safe-Infant-Sleeping-Policy-Statement-and-Guidelines.pdf

20. Behm, I., Kabir, Z., Connolly, G. N., & Alpert, H. R. (2012). Increasing prevalence of smoke-free homes and decreasing rates of sudden infant death syndrome in the United States: an ecological association study. Tobacco Control, 21(1), 6-11. http://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.041376

21. Vennemann, M. M., Bajanowski, T., Brinkmann, B., Jorch, G., Yücesan, K., Sauerland, C., & Mitchell, E. A. (2009). Does breastfeeding reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome? Pediatrics, 123(3), e406-e410. http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2145 Retrieved from http://www.ilca.org/files/CLCA/PDF/Research/BF_SIDS_VennenmanPeds2009.pdf

22. Bajanowski, T., Brinkmann, B., Mitchell, E.A, Vennemann, M.M., Leukel, H.W., Larsch, K.P., Beike, J. & GeSID Group (2008). Nicotine and cotinine in infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 122(1): 23-8.

23. Blair, P. S., Sidebotham, P., Pease, A., & Fleming, P. J. (2014). Bed-sharing in the absence of hazardous circumstances: is there a risk of sudden infant death syndrome? An analysis from two case-control studies conducted in the UK. PLoS ONE 9(9): e107799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107799 Retrieved from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0107799

24. Joseph, D.V., Jackson, J.A., Westaway, J., Taub, N.A., Petersen, S.A. & Wailoo, M.P. (2007). Effect of parental smoking on cotinine levels in newborns. Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 92(6):F484-8.

25. Mitchell, E.A. (2007). Recommendations for sudden infant death syndrome prevention: a discussion document. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 92(2): 155-159.

26. Fleming, P. & Blair, P.S. (2007). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and parental smoking. Early Human Development, 83(11): 721-5.

27. Blackburn, C.M., Bonas, S., Spencer, N.J., Coe, C.J., Dolan, A. & Moy, R. (2005). Parental smoking and passive smoking in infants: fathers matter too. Health Education Research, 20(2): 185-94.

28. Blackburn, C., Spencer, N., Bonas, S., Coe, C., Dolan, A. & Moy, R. (2003). Effect of strategies to reduce exposure of infants to environmental tobacco smoke in the home: cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal, 327(7409):257.

29. Al-Delaimy, W.K., Crane, J. & Woodward, A. (2002) Is the hair nicotine level a more accurate biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure than urine cotinine? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56(1): 66-71.

30. Groner, J.A., Hoshaw-Woodard, S., Koren, G., Klein, J. & Castile, R. (2005). Screening for children’s exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in a pediatric primary care setting. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 159(5): 450-455.

31. Matt, G.E., Quintana, P.J., Hovell, M.F., Bernert, J.T., Song, S., Novianti, N., Juarez, T., Floro, J., Gehrman, C., Garcia, M. & Larson, S. (2004) Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures. Tobacco Control 13(1):29-37.

32. Rumchev, K., Jamrozik, K., Stick, S. & Spickett, J. (2008). How free of tobacco smoke are ‘smoke-free’ homes? Indoor Air, 18(3):202-8.

33. Carpenter, R. G., Irgens, L. M., Blair, P. S., England, P. D., Fleming, P., Huber, J., ... & Schreuder, P. (2004). Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study. The Lancet, 363(9404), 185-191.

34. Fleming, P., Blair, P., Bacon, C., & Berry, J. (2000). Sudden Unexplained Deaths in Infancy: The CESDI SUDI Studies. London: Stationery Office.

35. Blair, P.S., Fleming, P.J., Smith, I.J., Ward Platt, M., Young, J., Nadin, P., Berry, P.J., Golding, J. and the CESDI SUDI research group. (1999). Babies sleeping with parents: case-control study of factors influencing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. British Medical Journal, 319(7223): 1457-1462.

36. James, C., Klenka, H. & Manning, D. (2003) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Bed sharing with mothers who smoke. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88(2): 112-113.

37. McGarvey, G., McDonnell, M., Chong, A., O’Regan, M. & Matthews, T. (2003). Factors relating to the infant’s last sleep environment in sudden infant death syndrome in the Republic of Ireland. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88(12): 1058-64.

38. Zwar, N., Richmond, R., Borland, R., Stillman, S., Cunningham, M. & Litt, J. of the Guideline Development Group (2004). Smoking cessation guidelines for Australian general practice: Practice Handbook. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing.

39. Tappin, D., Ecob, R. & Brooke, H. (2005). Bedsharing, roomsharing, and sudden infant death syndrome in Scotland: a case-control study. Journal of Pediatrics, 147(1): 32-7.

40. Blair, P.S. (2006). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome epidemiology and bed sharing. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 11(Suppl A): 29A-31A.

41. Scragg, R. K. R., Stewart, A. W., Mitchell, E. A., Thompson, J. M. D., Taylor, B. J., Williams, S. M., ... & Hassall, I. B. (1996). Infant room-sharing and prone sleep position in sudden infant death syndrome. The Lancet, 347(8993), 7-12.

42. Hauck, F. R., Thompson, J. M., Tanabe, K. O., Moon, R. Y., & Vennemann, M. M. (2011). Breastfeeding and reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 128(1), 103-110. http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-3000 Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/1/103.full.html

43. Ford, R. P. K., Mitchell, E.A., Scragg, R., Stewart, A.W., Taylor, B.J. & Allen, E.M. (1994). Factors adversely associated with breastfeeding in New Zealand. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 30: 483-489.

44. Clements, M. S., Mitchell, E. A., Wright, S. P., Esmail, A., Jones, D. R., & Ford, R. P. K. (1997). Influences on breastfeeding in southeast England. Acta Paediatrica, 86(1), 51-56.

45. Hilder, L., Zhichao, Z., Parker, M., Jahan, S. & Chambers, G.M. (2014). Australia’s mothers and babies 2012. Perinatal statistics series no. 30. Cat. no. PER 69. Canberra: AIHW.

46. Freeman, B., Chapman, S., Storey, P. (2008). Banning smoking in cars carrying children: an analytical history of a public health advocacy campaign. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 32(1): 60-5.

47. Law, M. & Tang, J.L. (1995). An analysis of the effectiveness of interventions intended to help people stop smoking. Archives of Internal Medicine, 155(18):1933-1941.

48. Miller, M. & Wood, L. (2001). Smoking cessation interventions: Review of evidence and implications for best practice in health care settings. National Tobacco Strategy 1999 to 2002-03. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing.

49. Lumley, J., Oliver, S., Chamberlain, C. & Oakley, L. (2004) Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4. Art No.: CD001055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001055.pub2

50. Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel. (2008). Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Rockville (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK63952/.